Should LatAm mandate Asimov's 3 laws?

A new paper suggests that the world is falling behind on debating how to make robots act ethically. Obviously, this is an issue in its infancy in most of the world and not even discussed in Latin America. What country will be the first to mandate some sort of ethical requirements in its robots?

Solve murder cases

Currently, there are numerous countries in Latin America and the Caribbean with absurdly high impunity rates. Less than 10% of murders and other violent crimes are solved in some countries, and there are several countries where reaching a 90% impunity rate would be a significant improvement. Nearly every expert agrees that one key step to reducing the rates of violent crime is to reduce impunity.

This is an area where the region should aim big. There is no reason to believe that this problem is unsolvable. Let's flip the current number around and make the goal for every country in the region that 75% of new homicide cases are investigated and prosecuted. Set the timeline at 10 years. 

I'm tempted to say "solve every murder," because the thought of allowing one out of four killers go free is rather depressing. I also hate to say "new homicide cases" because that leaves a lot of cold cases open from the past. Still, I want to set something that is both ambitious and yet still achievable if a significant effort is taken.

Even in the US today, only about 60% of murders are solved according to national police statistics, and in some urban areas that number is under 30%. The US should be a part of this program and would be measured against whether they could reach the goal as well.

Beyond political will, what would it take to get 75% of all new homicide cases solved and prosecuted? I think some of the basics are recommendations that most analysts already know:

1) More and better police

2) More and better prosecutors and judges

3) Improved witness protection programs

4) Improved statistics on violent crime

5) Information sharing within countries and across countries

6) Forensics labs

7) Better technology

8) Etc. I'm sure I'm missing several items

Many of those recommendations are already being nominally implemented by countries, at times with the help of the US and other international donors. I'm sure the first criticism some will have of this post is that "We're already doing x!" One problem here is of scale and ambition. Sure, Mexico (with its impunity rate around 97% according to independent analysts) just funded a new forensics lab and has new police training programs, but does anyone think the resources currently being spent by Mexico and the US will help the country reach 75% of murders solved within 10 years? No. I think setting the ambitious goal should help us realize that the current level of resources spent on these recommendations is nowhere near enough. More needs to be done in all of these areas.

Additionally, the challenge is making these recommendations effective in an environment where corruption is an ever-present problem. To counter this, I'm going to make a more unorthodox recommendation: The hemisphere needs a regional crime-solving unit working in parallel with national authorities. While others have recommended a group similar to the CICIG for Honduras, El Salvador or for the Central American Northern Triangle, I'm recommending setting up a region-wide group that any country can work with. This regional group should include police, investigators, prosecutors, scientists, IT people and some very gutsy leadership. Rather than wait for approval of one or more countries, the hemisphere's leaders (specifically, the US, Mexico and Brazil) should build the group first and give it the resources to start investigations, which should encourage countries to join in.

To summarize:

1) We need to set the ambitious goal to end impunity. My suggestion is 75% of all new homicide cases solved within ten years.

2) We need to collect and allocate the resources to match the goal.

3) We need to organize and fund a regional organization that can investigate violent crimes, preferably in coordination with other governments.

The country that built prisons

The general recommendation by most analysts is that there is no way to build enough prisons and jail enough criminals to end the violent crime problem in Latin America. The issue must be resolved more strategically. That's my opinion too. However, that does not mean no country will attempt precisely that.

Picture a scenario in ten years in which a mano dura leader comes to power who believes that he can build enough prisons. He will not only imprison tens of thousands more people in his own country, every person who has committed a crime, but also take on some of the overrun from neighboring countries who face overcrowding in their prisons. What if that country can actually make a profit though the system by charging neighbors for using the prisons?

There are a lot of ugly human rights issues in doing this and it may be a huge strategic mistake. For me, this falls under the worst case scenarios heading. However, if it could be accomplished logistically and if the region cooperated to create this sort of country with a prison specialty, it certainly might be attempted. Mano dura has a cyclical appeal in parts of Latin America and this prison building would ease one of the major effects of such a policy.

Today's memories in 20 years

The past decade has seen a surge of cases related to human rights abuses from the 70's, 80's and 90's. In many cases, the evidence is based on old paper documents from archives and witness testimony.

The human rights cases of 2032 that are filed against abuses of the 2000's and 2010's (assuming that occurs) will look very different. With increasingly ubiquitous cell phone cameras, video cameras and the ability for people to document their experiences through self-publishing, there should be more and better evidence. It will be more difficult (I think) for a government or military to simply lock up an archive and not allow access.

Beyond the evidence at a trial, it changes the nature of memory when it comes to these historical experiences. We're going to have far more photos and videos of events and more witness testimony documented near the time of the event rather than related decades later.